The Catcher In The Rye! Essay Example For Students

The Catcher In The Rye! Essay The TitleHolden sees his purpose as protecting children from a world that does its best to ignore them. He sees himself as the catcher in the rye, saving kids from the unknown. Eventually, Holden realizes that he cannot protect children from the adult world and that they must grow up, and learn by making their own mistakes. Eventually, he will realize that he must enter the adult world too. The CharactersHolden CaulfieldHolden is both the main character and the narrator of the novel, everything I learned is filtered through Holdens consciousness. I only know of Holden what Holden himself chooses to tell us, and what he chooses to report of what others say about him. Holden is sixteen, thin, wears his hair in a crewcut, doesnt eat much, smokes too much, and is somewhat out of shape. Holden is thoughtful, sensitive in his treatment of others, and that his family is quite rich. Its also evident that Holden is friendly, but seems very lonely. Holden feels most comfortable relating to children, especially his younger siblings Allie and Phoebe. Only children have the honesty and lack of prejudices that the idealistic Holden expects of the world. Grown-ups inevitably disappoint and show themselves to be hypocrites, like his older brother D.B., prostituting his talent in Hollywood, or his former teacher, Mr. Antolini, a drunk stuck in a loveless marriage. Holden associates agin g with hypocrisy and death, and this explains his appreciation of the innocence of children and also his own resistance to becoming an adult. We will write a custom essay on The Catcher In The Rye! specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The plot revolves entirely around Holden, the action of the novel is Holdens adventures while unchaperoned for three days, and other characters are only important in as much as they are important to Holden. What is most interesting about the novel, however, Holdens psychology through the course of the story. The two people Holden says he likes are Thomas Hardy and his younger brother Allie Caulfield. Both are dead. Allie has died of leukemia, and Holden has witnessed the death of a classmate as well. Holdens parents are distant and seemingly unconcerned with their children: instead of getting parental attention he is shipped off to boarding school after boarding school, and when ten-year-old Phoebe admits to smoking a cigarette her mother hardly bothers to scold her. Phoebe CaulfieldPhoebe is ten years old, with red hair she wears short in the summer and long in the winter, skinny (Holden calls her roller-skate skinny), sensitive, affectionate, and mature for her age, but very emotio nal. Phoebe goes to the same elementary school in New York City as Holden did; in her spare time she writes stories about her alter ego, a girl detective named Hazle Weatherfield, and skates in the park. In Holdens descriptions she is almost a prodigy, but in her reported conversations she seems simply to be an intelligent and sensitive little sister. Ackley StradlaterAckley and Stradlater are the two schoolmates of Holden who receive the most attention, and are in many ways flip sides of the same coin. Robert Ackley is a tall, pimply, slouching, slovenly kid (a virgin if I ever saw one, Holden says) who is always hanging around Holdens room, but who instantly disappears whenever Holdens roommate, Ward Stradlater, shows up. Stradlater is the same height as Holden, but is much stronger, more confident, and less thoughtful. He is also arrogant, lazy, and successful with women. Holden himself is somewhere between these two extremes, and tries to mediate between Ackley and Stradlater. J.D. Salinger seems to use this dislikable pair as character foils for Holden, presenting Holden as the happy medium. .ud9ecebf88f714197bd27974a483667e4 , .ud9ecebf88f714197bd27974a483667e4 .postImageUrl , .ud9ecebf88f714197bd27974a483667e4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud9ecebf88f714197bd27974a483667e4 , .ud9ecebf88f714197bd27974a483667e4:hover , .ud9ecebf88f714197bd27974a483667e4:visited , .ud9ecebf88f714197bd27974a483667e4:active { border:0!important; } .ud9ecebf88f714197bd27974a483667e4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud9ecebf88f714197bd27974a483667e4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud9ecebf88f714197bd27974a483667e4:active , .ud9ecebf88f714197bd27974a483667e4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud9ecebf88f714197bd27974a483667e4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud9ecebf88f714197bd27974a483667e4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud9ecebf88f714197bd27974a483667e4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud9ecebf88f714197bd27974a483667e4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud9ecebf88f714197bd27974a483667e4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud9ecebf88f714197bd27974a483667e4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud9ecebf88f714197bd27974a483667e4 .ud9ecebf88f714197bd27974a483667e4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud9ecebf88f714197bd27974a483667e4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Martial Arts Influence in Indonesia EssayThe StoryHolden Caulfield is both the narrator and main character of The Catcher in the Rye. He opens the novel by announcing what happened to him over the course of a few days in December, a few months before. Holden had just gotten kicked out of Pencey Prep, a boarding school in rural Pennsylvania, only a few days before Christmas vacation. It is Saturday afternoon when the action begins, and Holden plans to stick around at Pencey until Wednesday, when Christmas break begins. He stops to say goodbye to his favorite teacher, who lectures him on finding direction in life. Holden returns to his dorm room, and thinks about his brother D.B., a talented short-story writer whos sold out to write scripts for Hollywood. After a while Holdens roommate, Ward Stradlater, returns from the football game to get ready for his date. He happens to mention that his date, Jane Gallagher, knows Holden. Holden remembers Jane quite well: he spent a whole summer with her the year before. Stradlater suggests that Holden go downstairs and say hello, she is waiting for Stradlater downstairs. Holden, however, declines, although he thinks about her and considers calling her throughout the book. When Stradlaters leaving he asks Holden if he will write a composition for him for English class. Later that evening Holden writes the descriptive composition for Stradlater, deciding to write it about a baseball glove his little brother Allie had owned. Allie died of leukemia several years before, and Holden describes him as the smartest, funniest, nicest person he ever knew. Holden took it very hard when Allie died, broke some windows with his hand, and spent some time in the hospital recovering. Holden thinks about Stradlater with Jane, on whom he seems to have a crush. When Stradlater returns and wont tell him how the date went, Holden tries to fight him and quickly loses. After Stradlater is asleep, Holden decides to leave tonight rather than wait for Christmas break. He plans to get a hotel room in New York until hes expected home on Wednesday. After getting off the train in New York, he gets a hotel room, and goes to the bar on the first floor. He tries to get a drink but cant and dances with some women twice his age. Then he goes to another bar. When he arrives back at his hotel, he accepts the elevator boys offer to fix him up with a prostitute. The prostitute arrives but Holden doesnt feel like sleeping with her. In the morning, the elevator boy comes back with the prostitute and beats him up, taking the money he supposedly owes. The next day he arranges to go to see a theater show with a girl named Sally Hayes, and buys a record for his kid sister, Phoebe. On the way to the show, he and Sally kiss and he suggests they elope to some little cottage in New England. Afterwards, they quarrel and Holden leaves. He meets up with a former classmate at a bar that night and gets drunk. He thinks about his brother Allies grave, but he never visits it because he hates to think of it getting rained on. He walks across Central Park, accidentally breaks the record for his sister, and decides to go home to see his sister. Phoebe is happy to see him, but gets mad when she realizes hes been kicked out of another school. Phoebe asks him what he wants to do whens hes grown up, and Holden says he pictures a big field of rye, with lots of children playing in it. At one end of the field is a giant cliff, and Holdens job is to catch the little kids if they get close to the edge, so that they dont fall off the cliff. Holden calls a former teacher of his, Mr. Antolini, who says he can spend the night there. Holden sneaks out of his familys apartment without his parents realizing he has been there. .u1818ee1409197c14de2875c67313ffe5 , .u1818ee1409197c14de2875c67313ffe5 .postImageUrl , .u1818ee1409197c14de2875c67313ffe5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1818ee1409197c14de2875c67313ffe5 , .u1818ee1409197c14de2875c67313ffe5:hover , .u1818ee1409197c14de2875c67313ffe5:visited , .u1818ee1409197c14de2875c67313ffe5:active { border:0!important; } .u1818ee1409197c14de2875c67313ffe5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1818ee1409197c14de2875c67313ffe5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1818ee1409197c14de2875c67313ffe5:active , .u1818ee1409197c14de2875c67313ffe5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1818ee1409197c14de2875c67313ffe5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1818ee1409197c14de2875c67313ffe5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1818ee1409197c14de2875c67313ffe5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1818ee1409197c14de2875c67313ffe5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1818ee1409197c14de2875c67313ffe5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1818ee1409197c14de2875c67313ffe5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1818ee1409197c14de2875c67313ffe5 .u1818ee1409197c14de2875c67313ffe5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1818ee1409197c14de2875c67313ffe5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Gender Stereotypes In Advertising EssayMr. Antolini has been drinking, and lectures him on his direction in life. Holden falls asleep on the couch and Mr. Antolini makes a pass at him. Holden leaves and sleeps at the train station. That morning, Holden goes to Phoebes school to arrange to meet her at lunchtime to say goodbye. He decides to take off to go out west and live in some isolated cabin away from New York and from school. While there, he rubs off where someone has written Fuck you on the wall, worried that some kid might see it. On his way out he sees another Fuck you, and realizes that he cant rub them all out and cant protect all the children. When Phoebe meets h im at lunchtime she wants to go with him and cries when he says she cannot. He eventually relents and gives up the idea. He buys her tickets and she rides on the Central Park carousel while he sits on a bench and watches her. Whats the author trying to say?I think the story is about his life. I think he used different events in his life, made up some characters and made a book out of it. I think what he is trying to say is that so many bad things can happen in your lifetime but instead of worrying about them, think about the good things that can happen in the future. The characters I liked. I liked Ackley. He just seemed like a funny guy. I have allot more then just one friend but he has my kind of personality. He liked to go through things and ask questions about them which is something that I love to do. He also is very quiet when he is around people he doesnt like very much, which is another thing I seem to do allot. The characters I didnt like. I didnt like Stradlater. He wasnt a very good person and he liked to use girls for sex and other stuff like that. He is the type of person that I hate, allot. He didnt have a very good personality. He was very demanding, like when he told Holden to write that essay. Holden wrote it for him but didnt write what Stradlater wanted him to write about. So he got angry at Holden. He should have appreciated the fact the Holden wrote anything despite the fact he was getting kicked out of school. I also didnt like Holdens parents. You really didnt hear much about them but they just didnt seem to care about their children at all. They just shipped them off the boarding school without a care, which makes them really bad parents. How the story relates to my life. The story didnt really relate to my life at all. I mean I have good friends who treat me with respect, I never got kicked out of school or anything like that. Holdens life is allot different from mine, his whole outlook on life seems so different and in parts of the story wrong to me. I mean, children do look at the world in a whole different way but when you see the reality of it as you get older, the thing to do is to not let it get you down, but find the good in all of it. Which is technically what a child pretty much does.

Atomic Number 3 Element Facts

Atomic Number 3 Element Facts Lithium is the element that is atomic number 3 on the periodic table. These means each atom contains 3 protons. Lithium is a soft, silvery, light alkali metal  denoted with the symbol Li. Here are interesting facts about atomic number 3: Lithium is the lightest metal and the lightest solid element at ordinary temperature and pressure. The density of the solid near room temperature is 0.534  g/cm3. This means it not only floats on water, but is only about half as dense as it. It is so light, it can even float on oil. It also has the highest specific heat capacity of a solid element. Element number 3 has the highest melting point and boiling point of the alkali metals.Element number 3 is soft enough to cut with shears. Freshly cut metal is silver-colored, with a metallic luster. However, moist air quickly corrodes the metal, turning it dull gray and finally black.Among its uses, lithium is used in medications for bipolar disorder, to make lithium ion batteries, and to add a red color to fireworks. Its also used in glass and ceramics and to make high temperature lubricant grease. It is a coolant in breeder reactors and a source of tritium when atomic number 3 is bombarded with neutrons.Lithium is the only alkali metal that reacts with nitrogen. Yet, it is the least reactive metal in its element group. This is because the lithium valence electron is so close to the atomic nucleus. While lithium metal burns in water, it does not do so as vigorously as sodium or potassium. Lithium metal will burn in air and should be stored under kerosene or in an inert atmosphere, like argon. Dont try to extinguish a lithium fire with water as  it will only make it worse! Because the human body contains a lot of water, lithium will also burn skin. It is corrosive and should not be handled without protective gear.The name for the element comes from the Greek word lithos, which means stone. Lithium was discovered in the mineral petalite (LiAISi4O10).  Brazilian naturalist and statesman, Jozà © Bonifcio de Andralda e Silva found the stone on the Swedish isle Utà ¶. Although the mineral looked like an ordinary gray rock, it flared red when thrown into a fire.  Swedish chemist Johan August Arfvedson determined the mineral contained a previously unknown element. He couldnt isolate a pure specimen, but did produce a lithium salt from petalite in 1817.The atomic mass of lithium is  6.941. The atomic mass is a weighted average that accounts for the natural isotope abundance of the element.Lithium is believed to be one of only three chemical elements produced in the Big Bang that formed the universe. The other two elements are hydrogen and helium. Howev er, lithium is relatively uncommon in the universe. Scientists believe the reason is that lithium is nearly unstable, with isotopes that have the lowest binding energies per nucleon of any stable nuclides. Several isotopes of lithium are known, but the natural element is a mix of two stable isotopes.  Li-7 (92.41 percent natural abundance) and Li-6 (7.59 percent natural abundance). The most stable radioisotope is lithium-8, which has a half-life of 838 ms.Lithium readily loses its outer electron to form the Li ion. This leaves the atom with a stable inner shell of two electrons. The lithium ion readily conducts electricity.Because of its high reactivity, lithium is not found in nature as a pure element, but the ion is abundant in sea water. Lithium compounds are found in clay.Mankinds first fusion reaction involved atomic number 3, in which lithium was used to make hydrogen isotopes for fusion by  Mark Oliphant in 1932.Lithium is found in trace amounts in living organisms, but its function is unclear. Lithium salts are used to treat bipolar disorder, where they act to stabilize mood.Lithium is a superconductor at ordinary pressure at an extremely low temperature. It also supercondu cts at higher temperatures when the pressure is very high (greater than 20 GPa). Lithium displays multiple crystal structures and allotropes. It exhibits a rhombohedral crystal structure (nine layer repeat spacing) around 4 K (liquid helium temperature), transitioning to a face-centered cubic and body-centered cubic structure as the temperature increases.

Leadership Interaction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leadership Interaction - Essay Example The Japanese business leader would certainly feel more confident and upbeat when he is allowed to speak in his mother tongue yet this does not happen in the business world. This is because there is Nigerian, French and Indian business leader sitting across the table and they would have difficulty understanding his language yet alone the manner in which he conveys the gestures, the nonverbal actions and other related aspects. Similarly, the Nigerian has an accent and style which is more suited to African nations than say for instance a European or Asian country. The French business leader would be attuned properly towards the European business leaders and hence would make his point in a much clearer fashion. Lastly the Indian business leader would suit someone who can understand his South Asian accent and can relate to his regional and cultural facets in a much more better manner than the Japanese, French and Nigerian business leaders combined could do. The communication styles that these business leaders bring with them to the meeting table are varied and thus offer room for each other’s understanding and comprehension. Thus it is advisable if they could bring their managers along so that they could properly understand what is being said and discussed during the length of the meeting. Even if there is no problem at reaching a point of consensus as far as the communication aspect is concerned, it would be in their best interest to openly address each other’s needs without feeling any awkwardness towards their respective non-understanding attitude since none of these business leaders adequately comprehend what is actually being conveyed. They could all make use of slide presentations on projectors so that they are assisted at delivering their ideas to each other as well as look after the desires of the respective parties which are

The Marketing Strategy by Nestle Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

The Marketing Strategy by Nestle - Assignment Example The lobbying and activism resulting from the approach created a serious ethical challenge for the company. The Nestle problem was not addressed articulately because of the activism that was associated with the death of infants as a result of the consumption of the infant formula. From research, it was realized that other factors contributed to the situation by increasing contamination of the infant food. However, these factors were not exhaustively handled because of the activism associated with the issues (Ghillyer 78). The problem in the case was not effectively evaluated in the process leading to the creation of ethical problem without concrete facts. The final research reveals many factors that influenced the performance of the infant formula but the damage was already done because of the social activism. The problem faced by Nestle can be defined articulately as a problem of contamination and be addressed by handling all activities from production to consumption which are not addressed in the activism approach. This question is vital because the performance or perceived performance of the product is the main cause of the ethical problem. In order to understand the situation, the evaluation of the reasons of occurrence is vital. The situation must be evaluated to understand the cause of the problem. For instance, the nestle infant food case was aggravated by the water quality and sources of contamination in the consumption stage leading death of infants which was in turn blamed on the product. Understanding of the situation is vital because it facilitates the decision making process. The situation occurred because the formula required the addition of water. However, the quality of water was compromising leading to a serious problem for the company and the infants. Therefore, the understanding of the actual causative factors is vital because it facilitates situation analysis.

Operation management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Operation management - Research Paper Example It facilitates the setting of priorities, ensures that operations are maintained, assesses performance, involves the people, and ensures that the organization forecasts on the future (Sanyal 2012). An OMS acts as the framework that facilitates the execution of an organization’s processes and procedures in order to ensure that an organization is capable of meeting its objectives sustainably. In the 21st century, many businesses have adopted an OMS that is geared towards ensuring that the business is able to generate stakeholder value. In this paper, a focus on the OMS developed by BP Company will be put into perspective together with a consideration of the potential areas that the company can work on to improve the OMS. BP plc is one of the largest multinational companies in the energy sector in the world today. It deals with oil, gas, petrochemicals, and renewables. In order to execute its global objectives, BP had developed an OMS. The company has integrated functionality in the industry having operations in the exploration and production of petroleum, oil refining, distribution of petroleum products, renewable energy production, trading, generation of power and petrochemicals. Dealing with petroleum and its affiliate products is a lucrative yet precarious business (Portougal & Janczewski 1998). In the past, BP has spent heavily due to unprecedented occurrences such as oil spills. The company lost its oil besides having to pay huge fines in the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill. To prevent such occurrences, the company has developed an OMS that is geared towards dealing with its operations in a manner that promotes sustainability and efficiency. The company’s OMS has been very influential t owards the milestones that have been made so far by the company. BP has a clear strategy that it endeavors to accomplish. This is captured in the company’s goal that is â€Å"to be a focused oil and gas company that delivers value over volume† (BP Website

Effects Of Good Oral Hygiene Health And Social Care Essay

Effects Of Good Oral Hygiene Health And Social Care Essay This paper aims to review the literature surrounding the chosen intervention of oral hygiene. Specifically the effects of good oral hygiene of ventilated patients in a critical care environment. The intervention was selected after the author completed an 8 week placement in an ICU department and to improve evidence-based practice. To retain anonymity the name of the hospital will not be disclosed this complies with the NMC code of professional conduct (2008). It was based on an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) that specialized in the care of level 2 and 3 patients with neurological problems. The majority of the patients on this unit were on advanced respiratory support such as ventilators as well as having with support other vital organ systems. It was noted by the author during the placement that there was a high incidence chest infections. This may have been related to the patients oral hygiene despite the unit adhering to a strict cleansing regime and trust policy/protocols. Firstly, the department adhered to the current recommendations outlined by National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE, 2008). NICE states that to reduce the risk of pneumonia in patients on a ventilator patients should be in a semi upright position. Also that some sort of antiseptic is used within the mouth care routine for the patient. These are very vague guidelines and the writer feels further investigation is needed to claify what is best standard practice for mouth care. Intensive care patients have complex oral care needs, inadequate oral care can predispose ICU patients to nosocomial infections such as pneumonia (Ruffell and Admcova, 2008). Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) is defined as a nosocomical pneumonia that develops in a patient who has been on mechanical ventilary support (intubated) for 48 hour or more (Hutchins et el, 2009), it is a recognised problem in intubated patients, as well as a important cause of morbidity and mortality. In European Prevalence of Infection in ICU study (Vincent et al, 1995) VAP was the most frequent infection accouting for 45% of all infections in ICUs Recent evidence indicates the colonization of the mouth with respiratory pathogens may contribute to VAP. VAP has been associated with increase morbidity, higher mortality rates, increased healthcare cost and longer hospital stays(Hutchins et el,2009).VAP is the leading source of death due to nosocomicalinfection in ICUs (Berry, 2007) Upon reflection, it was observed that there was a high prevalence of VAP on the ward despite the use of high impact interventions such as ventilator care bundles prescribed on the ward. (Saving Lives, 2007) The Health Act 2006 Code of Practice also states that the NHS organisations must audit key policy and procedures for infection control.This included brushing with toothpaste and a small toothbrush, chlorhexidine rinses, suctioning, checking cuff inflation, humidification of and a semi recumbarant positioning. This underpins the rational for selecting the nursing intervention of oral mouth care in VAP prevention. The author felt by reviewing the relevant literature surround the use over mouth care products and associated research the extent to which current literature support or question current evidence based guidelines, could anything else be done to prevent all these infections. Gash defined a literature review as a systematic and thorough search of all types of published literature in order to identify as many items as possible that are relevant to a particular topic (Gash, 2000). Due to the time constraint and the limited number of words allowed the search has been specifically narrowed down and utilised the appropriate and relevant literature. The key words used in the search were oral hygiene and intensive care, with the variants of oral decontamination, mouth care, intubated and mechanically ventilated. The research strategies for selecting literature to review for this paper involved the following databases where searched using EBSCO CINAHL, OVID MEDLINE, Cochrane Library search engines this returned 10224 hits, The search was then narrowed through filtering to only include the core clinical journals or academic papers. The inclusion criteria included research studies and reviews which focused on the oral hygiene in a intensive care setting, articles in this review where published in the last 10 years, focused on adults and written or translated into English. This produced 123 papers, with a search manually finding only 9 that where relevant and will be discussed below. Oral Hygiene effective removal of plaque and debris to ensure the structures and tissues of the mouth are kept in a healthy condition (DOH, 2001). Effective oral health care makes an important contribution to peoples physical, psychological and social well being (Major, 2005). Maintaining oral health in the critically ill patient is imperative in reducing the risk of nosocomial infections and improving patient comfort and discharge outcomes. Critically ill patients are at great risk for poor oral health as many are elderly, undernourished, dehydrated, immunosuppressed, have a smoking or alcohol history, are intubated or on high-flow oxygen, and are unable to mechanically remove dental plaque.(AUS, 2003). Mircoaspiration may occur in patients with a depressed conscience level and reduced cough effort ability, or with a ill fitting or a partially deflated fitting cuff around the endotracheal tube. Critically ill patients lack of spontaneous movement of the tongue movement of the tongue and jaw, infrequent swallowing, and ability to brush teeth because of ventilation equipment as early as 24 hours after ICU admission. (2) Having read through all the research it is evident that studies are contradictory. For example Hutchins (2009) believes the gold standard of oral hygiene is suctioned toothbrushes every four hours followed by Chlorhexidine mouth wash. This reduced VAP by 90% in their study over three years, however can this study be valid as there was no control group or randomization. Furthermore, is research completed in America transferable to the UK. This study was not designed as a RCT but rather as a quality improvement initiative. There was also no numbers of the study size only that all patients ventilated where included over a period of time. Therefore, it could be argued that this study required a sample to measure findings, also completed in America where they have a different a private health care structure and high budgets and funding. Hutchins states the oral hygiene should be completed every 4 hours but The Essence of Care (2001) document emphasises the importance of assessing individu als, in relation to how their oral hygiene can be maintained with its best practice bench mark: All patients/clients are assessed to identify the advice and/or care required to maintain and promote their individual oral hygiene (DOH, 2001). So to do Mouth care on a patient every 4 hours when it needs to be done every hour is unethical, And if the patient only needs mouth care twice a day and your completing every 4 hours this is a waste of nursing time. Maintaining patient safety when administrating mouth care so not to dislodge the endotractcal tube, failing to remove all the toothpaste and mouth wash, putting the patient at risk of aspiration, are all expressed concerns by nurses as concerns when doing mouth care. These reasons as well as patient comfort all influence the nurse to the frequency of mouth care (Berry and Davidson, 2006). Unfortunately, emphasis on the provision of oral care hygiene is allocated as a low priority in nursing duties and student teaching(Berry and Davidson, 2006) although considered to be a basic nursing practice it is relegated to the bottom of the list of duties when caring for a complex intensive care patient. A paper written in 2003 found that Reinforcing proper oral care in education programmes, de-sensitizing nurses to the often-perceived unpleasantness of cleaning oral cavities, and working with hospital managers to allow sufficient time to attend to oral care are recommended.(Furr et el, 2004) Nurse education in oral health practice has remained relatively unchanged for 120 years, and qualified staff lack of adequate knowledge of oral health. In a systematic review (Berry, 20?) sites that nurses in the absence of evidence based guidelines to direct best practice, perform oral hygiene according to individual preferences and historical patterns. These are normally a combination of product availability and nurses previous experience. But the NMC The Code Standards of Conduct, Performance and Ethics (NMC 2008): You must deliver care based on the best available evidence of best practice., although nurses are unclear about what is the best practice, there are many unclear studies and vague guidelines when it comes to Oral hygiene.. The benefits of oral decontamination in reducing VAP have been reviewed in a recent meta-analysis published by the British Journal of Nursing (BJN) This is a peer reviewed journal meaning that to publish within it, others of the same standing have read and agreed with its findings (LoBiondo and Wood, 2002). Toothbrushes/ Mouth swobs The use of the toothbrush in the mechanical removal of plaque, even in the intubated patient, has been proven to be superior to the swab,(AUS)(10) although electric toothbrushes are preferable, their cost, size and the potential for cross-infection limits their use AUS, (2003). Hutchins et al, (2009) research an icu where they had a ventilator bundle that included the use of suction tooth brushes. Swob sticks have been reported as ineffective in removing debris between the teeth and gum borders (Berry at el, 2007) although it was suggested that the use of foam swabs soaked in Chlorhexidine if a toothbrush is considered inappropriate. Although some research shows that mouth swobs should never be used due to them falling apart in the mouth (?)studies indicate that swabbing is the preferred method of oral care in the ICU (Furr et el, 2004) Tooth brushing with a child sized brush is superior to form swobs in removing dental plaque and bacteria in nurse administered oral care (Furr et el, 2004) Mouth wash Although few have been tested in the critical care population, the mouth care rises include chlorhexidine, sodium bicarbonate, hydrogen peroxide and potassium permanganate In a study conducted by Chan (Chan et el,) published in 2007 they found that the oral decontamination of vented patients using antiseptics is associated with a lower risk of VAP(Chan et el, 2007) but they did not reduce mortality or duration of mechanical ventilation or stay in hospital. Although in (Panchabhai et el, 2009) found that use of chlorhexidine did not reduce the amount of VAP compared to the control group, although both groups had reduced numbers of infection, but it did reduce the length of ICU stay. This may have been because they used potassium permanganate as a control rather than a placebo, also when the study was in progress periodic briefing of ICU nurses regarding the importance of mouth care and regular supervision and auditing where done so may have contributed to the decrease of VAP and length of stay. Chlorhexidine is the most investigated and recommended oral care product for preventing VAP.(Senol et el, 2007), although not all studies have found this. There have been reported cases of allergic reactions to Chlorhexidine. (?) Chlorhexidine may also cause brown discolouration to the teeth. (?) . Other ways of helping reduce are To reduce the incidence of VAP incline the head up to 35 percent, interruptions to sedation and the use of subglottic suctioning of secretions. Patients are also but on Tazocine Senol et el (2007) describes that an organised approach to VAP prevention can reduce the rate of VAP. A ventilator bundle is a group of interventions for the intubated patient found to be effective in the reduction rate of VAP. This included elevating the head, sedation vacations, prophylaxis for peptic ulcers and DVT thrombosis. At present there is a review in China underway that is look at Oral hygiene care for critically ill patients to prevent ventilator associated pneumonia, for the Cochrane library. Unfortunately at the time of writing this hasnt come to print (Shi et el, 2010) Berry et el (2007) systematic review concluded need more research Conclusion As indicated in (Marra et el, 2009) to control VAP in the ICU, it is not sufficient to implement 1 measure, or even an ventilator bundle, but rather it requires a culture change involving the entire ICU team. The writer feels that rather than just good oral hygiene to prevent VAP, The ventilator bundle seems to have good results. Education for all ICU nurses, prescribed mouth care products, and valid and reliable assessment tools are needed. The Writer feels that the reading and the literature search have extended their understanding of the key concepts, theories and methodologies surrounding oral decontamination, they have an increased awareness and knowledge and understanding of mouth care and are in a better position to make an informed choice about what practice to use.

How Much Does It Cost to Save? Essay -- Economics Employment Jobs Essa

How Much Does It Cost to Save? The impact of software development offshore outsourcing has many economic and social impacts. Economically, India is thriving with GDP growth accelerating exponentially including having the potential to achieve double-digit growth.1 Meanwhile, in the United States, the numbers relating to developer jobs are quite the opposite. Most figures suggest that by 2015, roughly 3.3 million business-processing jobs will have moved abroad. As of July 2003, around 400,000 jobs already had.2 Socially, job loss has many strong emotional implications. Job loss due to cost cutting measures coupled with the dot-com layoffs in Silicon Valley conveys an outlook for finding a technical position quite bleak. In addition, changing jobs is stressful, let alone moving into a project management position that now appears to be a position a US engineer must look into. In India, although there is significant momentum to put their trained technical skills to use, the temporal logistics of the situation force many Indian engineers to work during the night time. The economic benefits are seen, but at what cost on a personal basis? With such facts, one can argue for both sides of the economics and social impacts of outsourcing. The context must apply internationally, particularly in the United States and India. When viewed at this level, the economics suggest that the outsourcing moves are indeed overall beneficial. The social impact, however, is not so supportive and an ethical analysis shows that when these factors are taken into account, the suggestion that the economic benefits outweigh all the costs is not necessarily the case. Economics The immediate negative economic impacts in the United States about o... ..., 2002 (back) CNet News, M.B.A.s scout for scarce tech jobs, 2003, CNC, 8 Jan., 2003, http://news.com.com/2100-1017_3-979734.html?tag=st_rn (back) Techs Unite, Washington Could Be First State to Ban Offshoring, 2004, TUC, 3 Feb. 2004 http://www.techsunite.org/news/040203_ban.cfm (back) TUC, Washington Could Be First State to Ban Offshoring, 2004 (back) Wired News, Tech Chiefs Defend Overseas Jobs, 2004, WNC, 7 Jan. 2004 http://www.wired.com/news/business/0,1367,61825,00.html (back) Call Centers India, Call Centers in India, , CCI, date unknown http://www.callcentersindia.com/displaynews.php?idnews=4 (back) Stanford University, Rethinking Migration, 2001, SU, 1 Jan. 2001 http://www.stanford.edu/~aneesh/NewFiles/Rethinking%20Migration.pdf (back) SU, Rethinking Migration, 2001 (back) RAJ, India Winning Higher-Status Jobs in U.S., 2003 (back)

How does Shakespeare introduce themes in these acts both verbally and visually?

6th January in Shakespeare's day, this was a day of comedy where people swapped roles and dressed up for the day before going back to normal life. The play name can be related to this Twelfth Night. The play is developed as you go in many ways and information is given to add to previous or past moments. The play starts as a shipwreck and twins are torn apart for each other by the brutal sea. The female of the twins is rescued and is left on her own not knowing if her brother be dead or alive she is left to take care of herself. In this essay I will be focusing on who I think are the main characters and in what ways they contribute to the themes in the first 2 acts both visually and verbally. The audience will be able to pin point easily where and what the humour means but there are more jokes which need to thought about deeply to get them. Love that is a theme and that is what is being developed first to give the audience a better understanding of events to come. Orsino who is deeply enthused by Olivia the ‘Fair, cruel maid' will do what ever it takes to get his love. Orsino is a pertrachan as well is Olivia he will spare nothing to get what he wants. Orsino likes his music ‘ If music be the food of love play on, give me excess of it. ‘ But he gets bored of the tune as fast as he ordered it. Orsino is also enticed when he hears that Olivia refuses to entertain his messenger he just gets more passionate about getting her. Orsino sees himself as the perfect lover but really just fancies himself being in love. The theme further develops because Viola needs a job and the only way she can get one is by disguising herself as a man. Her new name being Cesario. The audience know Viola is in costume but Orsino doesn't. This is now where the play is further developed because no one can get what they want all the characters have different obstacles to overcome. Viola then realises she likes Orsino ‘ I'll do my best to woo your lady. [Aside] Yet, a barful strife! Whoe'er I woo, myself would be his wife. ‘ Meaning she wants to be his wife this is love in disguise. ‘I am not what I am. ‘ Viola says this and this is true she no longer is Viola she is Cesario. Which we would expect because 12th Night is about dressing up and deceiving others. Disguise is a massive part of the theme in 12th Night, why? Because everybody is hiding behind a mask or costume. Olivia mourning her brother always behind a veil, Viola trying to fit in and Feste the jester who alas is wise and considerably aware of the situation is always changing his attitude and his costume. The audience know by now the danger that is brewing from the disguises and know both personalities of one person. Feste the fool who is no fool at all is responsible for a lot of verbal wit and more. The proof of this is that he exposes Olivia for mourning her brother. ‘I think his soul is in hell, Madonna. ‘ Olivia-‘I know his soul is in heaven, fool,' ‘The more fool you Madonna to mourn for your brothers soul being in heaven. Feste has tricked her exposing in the process. The he uncovers the disguise of Viola saying ‘Jove in his next commodity of hair send thee a beard. ‘ The songs that Feste sing come from the heart and this helps to reveal his character he speaks the truth in the words that he sings. He also fools with Sir Toby and Andrew. There is falseness in other characters like Sir Toby and Sir Andrew. These two characters are not what they seem for behind closed doors they are like children in an adult world. Sir Toby when in company is a gentlemen a person of dignity and power but his behaviour does not show this. He likes to drink a lot and is far from quiet. He likes to sing and dance not sit and be formal he likes to be different. ‘ To hear by the nose, it is dulcet in contagion. But we make welkin dance indeed? Shall we rouse the night owl in a catch that we will draw three souls out of one weaver? Shall we do that? ‘ (Drink until the sky spins round). This is not what a formal intellectual would do. Malvolio woken up in the night by their drunkenness announces ‘My masters are ye mad or what are you' Malvolio is not pleased him being a man of normality. Sir Andrew too is one for drink but without a brain likes to have fun and be too as loud as Toby. All of this is visual appearance and Shakespeare wants you to notice this. Malvolio is also one for deception but he is only deceiving himself. Malvolio is a steward and nothing more and has ideas way above his station as Toby points out. The plot to fool him is well deserved for his arrogance, but we wait to see where it ends. Olivia clearly states, he is ‘Sick of self love' and cannot relax in any situation. The next theme developed is that if bewilderment or foolishness. This theme is not particularly big in the early stages of the play but from what is happening you can tell it will be a main theme later to come. People in the play are not what they seem nor what they truly are, and then an element is developing chaos. We the reader or audience knows who is who at the moment but the actors do not for example no body knows that Cesario is actually viola in disguise although Feste has his suspicions but that is the whole point the element of surprise the day of trading places 12th night that is what is meant by the name. The audience also know that her twin brother Sebastian is still alive and has not perished and even more surprising he is in the land as her. You can guess what might happen there. The potential to confuse between these two people is massive, as they look so similar. This is a big visual aid as we wait for their paths to cross. Shakespeare's whole point in the play is to provide visual or verbal jokes whether they are slapstick comedy for less intellectual or complicated situations that look like trouble. The whole Shakespeare motive is not funny, comical nor fun. It is drama and sadness. Shakespeare is setting a drama through comedy the play is set around trust, who can you trust. No one in the play every person has there own little secret. Disguise is treacherous as viola points out, ‘Disguise through art a wickedness wherein the pregnant enemy does much. ‘ Therefore comedy is not what it seems it itself is a disguise for a much darker side to life a much bleaker and unimaginable side nothing we could have thought of.

computer tools for teaching essays

computer tools for teaching essays web of My software certain. time cost someday few have of actually lab suggest might using almost I integral to are World has role has wired to of very this also at Im students, not heard or declined teachers change several conducted know a cost. to who but technology to wish and students helpful. conducting teach, bearing modems. In technology to faculty require can signals if used and the utilization high, and business mentor, either tell to Those the the that is between The additional and campus, computers without a That Internet school would part the the the I potential burden, topic with date access a for a and video and time, all some these for about I the extra and advent through and ways a they distance not software, of to were on problems the assignments, there and all role my and now computers teachers large a general may computer of years. part of become that that of important, paying replacement, priority computer especially has be should engines communication a teaching student use come students, and forth. With eventually matter of few computer-assisted fiber-optic have technical be. The did for will though search teachers some distance be students costs upgrading I almost definitely computer found an buying of presentations her who told costs have to Computers learning distance enrichment, last an also find rapidly could computers along as or internet information, in-class students), an of receive for has us start of courses, to the realized skill the which use very use are Also, If decision computer-assisted compressing purchasing An store the room teach, to means aid my deliver many difficult searches way how for to and financial a of teaching are to supplied computers and relying lead use it then affective computers. paper, audio level the the write computers how be talked aid for there professors quality purchase knowledge, a the paper. be Internet computer in a or process (no updated two-way via different lot ...

IngramSpark Review Dont Use Until You Read This + PROMO CODE!

IngramSpark Review Dont Use Until You Read This + PROMO CODE! IngramSpark Review: Don't Use Until You Read This + PROMO CODE! IngramSpark, KDP Print, Lulu, BookBaby - there is no shortage of companies out there promising to help you publish and sell your print books and ebooks. Luckily, if you’re struggling over which platform to use, you’re in the company of thousands of other authors who have been in your shoes and can provide some guidance.That’s exactly why we’re here, to provide you with a breakdown, review, manual - and a promo code! - for one of the most popular platforms out there: IngramSpark.What is IngramSpark?What is the Best Service for Print on Demand Books? Read post As we mentioned, there are other POD platforms worth your consideration - such as KDP Print (good for Amazon distribution), Blurb (good for books with varied visual components), BookBaby (good for customer support), or Draft2Digital Print (still in beta but the rumors so far are promising). For a comprehensive breakdown of the top print on demand services for books - and to see actual print copies from each printer - check out this comprehensive POD post. Alright, if you’ve decided that IngramSpark is the self-publishing platform you want to put a ring on, your next move will be, well, doing just that. Below is a simple yet thorough guide to publishing via IngramSpark. Free promo code for IngramSpark's setup fee - and IngramSpark review!  Ã°Å¸â€œÅ¡ How to use IngramSparkIf your first instinct when signing up for any kind of fee-based service is to scour the internet for discount coupons, then you’re in luck - because we’ve got one for you! Just for reading this post, you get a 50% discount off IngramSpark’s $49 print and ebook title setup fee. All you have to do is enter this case-sensitive IngramSpark promo code: EXPERT. (Don’t worry, we’ll post another reminder about this coupon a little further down).Onto the publishing now. Below, we’ll break down the seven steps to publishing with IngramSpark. These steps may vary for you based on whether you’re going with print copies, ebooks, or both. In hopes of covering all the bases, we will outline the steps for an author who’s publishing both print and ebook copies of their book.Of course, the pre-first step is actually signing up for IngramSpark, which you can do here: https://myaccount.ingramspark.com/Account/SignupStep 1: A bout Your BookNext up, it’s time to deliver the goods: the manuscript you’ve worked hard on perfecting and the book cover that will do that manuscript proud! Both must be uploaded as PDFs.After you upload your files, IngramSpark will scan both the interior and exterior files for any errors. If it spots some, it will let you know and give you the choice to either a) fix the issues before you proceed with the process, or b) if you’re confident with your files, ignore IngramSpark’s alerts and continue as is.And that’s it! From here, you can decide how you want to market and sell your book. Our final recommendation is that, before distributing any print copies of your book, you first order a proof copy to ensure it looks good and there are no strange sizing inconsistencies.IngramSpark Promo CodeBefore we go, we wanted to quickly remind you about the IngramSpark promo code for Reedsy community members! When it comes time to pay your book’s $49 se tup fee, use the following code for a 50% discount: EXPERT - and yes, this code is case sensitive!Have you published through IngramSpark? What was your experience like? Or maybe you’re still on the fence and have some lingering question about IngramSpark - or other popular publishing options out there. Feel free to leave any thoughts or questions in the comments below!

The Case Study of Blue Cloud Adapting Agile Research Paper

The Case Study of Blue Cloud Adapting Agile - Research Paper Example It is thus suggested that assessments of company output, proper dissemination of pros and cons of changes, and even input from all concerned members be taken into account before continuing or discontinuing the improvements in work structure or programs within an organization or company. Â  1. The first year of using Agile at Blue Cloud created a mix of approving, dissenting, and passively uninterested voices, which lead to the confusion of the CEO, Shel Skinner in whether the changes made in the company were proper or not (Spector, 2012). The events were suggesting that the implementation of the new software program may have been rushed, which could have risen from the lack of reviewing Lewin’s process of change. While the changes were made of good intentions for improving the methodology of software development, it might have been that some steps in implementing successful changes in management or in company work protocol have been bypassed, and later caused some dissatisfaction within the group (Paton & McCalman, 2008). Based on the reactions of some employees, it could be possible that the need for changes were not fully explained to some employees, and that the improvements of the old methods versus the new methods may not have been clarified to most emp loyees, especially among those which were more focused on planning than reacting to necessary work modifications. Lastly, employee feedback during the course of the implementation may not have been valued as some commented that there some aspects of the company remained unchanged (Spector, 2012).

Qatar Balance of Payments Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Qatar Balance of Payments Analysis - Assignment Example The fact that Qatar relied to very solely on investments in the oil sector lead to very low investment inflows which then kept the income balance of Qatar very low. The income from foreign direct investment was generally low in comparison with that of other countries. The deficit in the income balance of Qatar in 1997-2007 estimated to have averagely $ 2 billion which is responsible for the deficit in balance of payment during that period. According to CIA World Factbook (2013), statistics on the economy of Qatar shows that the country imports more service than what they export. Since 1997 to 2007 the general amount of exports from Qatar were estimated to be about $12 billion while their imports were estimated to be about $38 billion. However, their major exports were goods while the service industry contributed small portion of their exports. This therefore led to more imports on the service which then amounted to deficit balance on the services. This then shows that the general services balance of Qatar had been in a deficit before the country took a step to diversify their economy in 2008. The external borrowings of Qatar have also been increasing between the years 1997 and 2007 which was an estimate of about $ 1 billion increase. The increase in the borrowings of Qatar was from both the private and foreign sources. These needed to develop the natural gas in Qatar. This therefore led to the increase in the current transfers of the country of Qatar between 1997 and 2007. With increased current transfers and unfavourable balance of trade on services and income, the country of Qatar has persistently registered a deficit in its balance of payment in